# [CNC Mill Concept](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/) author: [Sebastian Hirnschall](https://blog.hirnschall.net/about/) meta description: Design documentation for a fixed CNC milling machine targeting ≤ 10 µm accuracy in an apartment: structure, damping, sensing, electronics, and CAN software. meta title: CNC Mill Concept — Precision Mill Design Documentation date published: 25.03.2026 (DD.MM.YYYY format) date last modified: 19.05.2026 (DD.MM.YYYY format) --- Introduction ------------ This documentation describes the design intent, system architecture, and planned implementation of a fixed CNC milling machine optimised for precision, low noise, and apartment-compatible operation. The machine targets ≤ 10 µm accuracy and repeatability while staying within residential floor load limits — no concrete bed, no heavy mineral cast. The structure of this documentation follows the causal chain from physical reality, to measurement, to estimation, to supervision and execution. The software architecture and CAN-FD transport layer used in the distributed sensor nodes are closely related to the implementation described in the [type-safe CAN transport layer post](https://blog.hirnschall.net/can-transport-layer/). Table of Contents ----------------- The documentation is split into the following sub-pages: ### 1[Goals, Philosophy & System Architecture](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/) * [Goals](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#goals) * [Constraints](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#constraints) * [Design Philosophy](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#design-philosophy) * [Explicit Non-Goals](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#non-goals) * [System Architecture](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#system-architecture) * [Communication Topology](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/goals-philosophy-system-architecture/#communication-topology) --- ### 2[Mechanical Structure & Passive Damping](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/) * [Frame and Primary Structure](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#frame) * [X Gantry Structure](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#gantry) * [Force Loop Definition](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#force-loop) * [Table and Y-Axis Support](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#table) * [Carbon Fibre CLD](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#cld-cf) * [Epoxy Granite](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#epoxy-granite) * [Elastomeric Isolation](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/mechanical-structure-and-passive-damping/#elastomeric-isolation) --- ### 3[Piezo Shunt Damping](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/) * [Piezo Damping Elements](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/#piezo-elements) * [Shunt Networks](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/#shunt-networks) * [Instrumentation of Shunts](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/#instrumentation) * [Adaptive Shunt Tuning](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/#adaptive-tuning) * [Interaction with Other Damping Strategies](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/piezo-shunt-damping/#interaction) --- ### 4[Enclosure & Acoustics](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/enclosure-and-acoustics/) * [Enclosure Construction](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/enclosure-and-acoustics/#construction) * [Acoustic Strategy](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/enclosure-and-acoustics/#acoustic-strategy) * [Mechanical Integration](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/enclosure-and-acoustics/#mechanical-integration) * [Openings and Airflow](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/enclosure-and-acoustics/#openings) --- ### 5[Vibration, Sensing & Metrology](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/) * [Piezo Surface Microphones](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/#piezo-microphones) * [Accelerometers](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/#accelerometers) * [Sensor Placement and Coverage](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/#sensor-placement) * [Laser-Based Tool Measurement](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/#laser-tool-measurement) * [Thermal Stabilization](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/vibration-sensing-and-metrology/#thermal-stabilization) --- ### 6[Compliance, State Estimation & Supervision](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/compliance-state-estimation-supervision/) * [Compliance Model](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/compliance-state-estimation-supervision/#compliance-model) * [Machine State Classification](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/compliance-state-estimation-supervision/#state-classification) * [Supervision Logic](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/compliance-state-estimation-supervision/#supervision-logic) * [State Transitions and Hysteresis](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/compliance-state-estimation-supervision/#state-transitions) --- ### 7[Control Electronics, Motion & Electrical](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/) * [ECU (Master PCB)](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#ecu) * [Sensor PCB Capabilities](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#sensor-pcb-capabilities) * [Motion Configuration](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#motion-configuration) * [Electrical Installation](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#electrical-installation) * [Emergency Stop](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#estop) * [Pneumatics](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/electronics-motion-and-electrical/#pneumatics) --- ### 8[Software Architecture & CAN](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/) * [Design Invariants](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#design-invariants) * [Software Stack](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#software-stack) * [CAN Map Specification](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#can-map-spec) * [CAN Manager](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#can-manager) * [CanManager Implementation](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#canmanager-implementation) * [Software Tests](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/software-architecture-can/#software-tests) --- ### 9[Deferred & Future Work](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/deferred-and-future-work/) * [Motion and Feedback Upgrades](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/deferred-and-future-work/#motion-feedback) * [Drive Electronics](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/deferred-and-future-work/#drive-electronics) * [Advanced Compensation Strategies](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/deferred-and-future-work/#advanced-compensation) * [Manufacturing and Implementation](https://blog.hirnschall.net/cnc-mill-concept/deferred-and-future-work/#manufacturing)